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<title>Valve replacement</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valve replacement</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue">Valve replacement</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="ICD-9-CM_Volume_3" title="ICD-9-CM Volume 3">ICD-9-CM</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/index.php?srchtype=procs&srchtext=V43.3&Submit=Search&action=search">V43.3</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Valve replacement</b> surgery is the replacement of one or more of the <a href="Heart_valve" title="Heart valve">heart valves</a> with either an <a href="Artificial_heart_valve" title="Artificial heart valve">artificial heart valve</a> or a bioprosthesis (<a href="Homograft" class="mw-redirect" title="Homograft">homograft</a> from human tissue or <a href="Xenograft" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenograft">xenograft</a> e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to <a href="Valve_repair" class="mw-redirect" title="Valve repair">valve repair</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedures">Procedures</h2></div>

<p>There are four procedures

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Aortic_valve_replacement" title="Aortic valve replacement">Aortic valve replacement</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitral_valve_replacement" title="Mitral valve replacement">Mitral valve replacement</a></li>

<li>Tricuspid valve replacement</li>

<li>Pulmonary valve replacement</li></ul>

<p>Current aortic valve replacement approaches include closed heart surgery, Very invasive cardiac surgery (VICS) and Very invasive, Scapulae-based aortic valve replacement.

</p><p>Catheter replacement of the aortic valve (called <a href="Transcatheter_aortic_valve_replacement" title="Transcatheter aortic valve replacement">trans-aortic valve replacement</a> or implementation [TAVR or TAVI]) is a minimally invasive option for those suffering from <a href="Aortic_valve_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic valve stenosis">aortic valve stenosis</a>. TAVR is commonly performed by guiding a catheter from the groin to the narrowed valve via the aorta using realtime x-ray technology. A metal stent containing a valve is then deployed using a balloon to press the stent into the valve in effect opening the stenosed (or narrowed) valve and lodging the stent in place. The procedure was first approved in the United States in November 2011 <sup id="cite_ref-medicalstaff_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medicalstaff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an alternative for people deemed a poor candidate for open approach replacement; however, TAVR has been successfully implemented into practice in other countries prior to 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-medicalstaff_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medicalstaff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2></div>

<p>In those between 50 and 70 years of age bioprosthetic and mechanical aortic valves have similar overall outcomes with respect to stroke and survival.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Heart_valve_repair" title="Heart valve repair">Heart valve repair</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicalstaff.stanfordhospital.org/ms/medstaffupdate/articles/201208_FDA_Approved_Transcatheter_Approach.html">"FDA-approved transcatheter approach offers life-extending valve replacement for inoperable patients"</a>. Stanford School of Medicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChiangChikweMoskowitzItagaki2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chiang, Yuting P.; Chikwe, Joanna; Moskowitz, Alan J.; Itagaki, Shinobu; Adams, David H.; Egorova, Natalia N. (1 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2014.12679">"Survival and Long-term Outcomes Following Bioprosthetic vs Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients Aged 50 to 69 Years"</a>. <i>JAMA</i>. <b>312</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">1323–</span>9. <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.3763">10.1.1.692.3763</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2014.12679">10.1001/jama.2014.12679</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25268439">25268439</a>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_heart388" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tests and <a href="Medical_procedure" title="Medical procedure">procedures</a> involving the <a href="Heart" title="Heart">heart</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li>

<li><a href="Interventional_cardiology" title="Interventional cardiology">Interventional cardiology</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures" title="Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures">Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiac_imaging" title="Cardiac imaging">Cardiac imaging</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surgery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Heart_valve" title="Heart valve">Heart valves</a><br>and septa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Heart_valve_repair" title="Heart valve repair">Valve repair</a></li>

<li><a href="Valvulotomy" title="Valvulotomy">Valvulotomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitral_valve_repair" title="Mitral valve repair">Mitral valve repair</a></li>

<li><a href="Valvuloplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Valvuloplasty">Valvuloplasty</a>

<ul><li><a href="Aortic_valvuloplasty" title="Aortic valvuloplasty">aortic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitral_valvuloplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitral valvuloplasty">mitral</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aortic_valve_repair" title="Aortic valve repair">Aortic valve repair</a></li>

<li><a href="Aortic_valve_replacement" title="Aortic valve replacement">Aortic valve replacement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ross_procedure" title="Ross procedure">Ross procedure</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcatheter_aortic_valve_replacement" title="Transcatheter aortic valve replacement">Transcatheter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mitral_valve_replacement" title="Mitral valve replacement">Mitral valve replacement</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcatheter_pulmonary_valve_replacement" title="Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement">Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold">production of septal defect in heart</span></dt>

<dd><i>enlargement of existing septal defect</i>

<dl><dd><a href="Atrial_septostomy" title="Atrial septostomy">Atrial septostomy</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Balloon_septostomy" title="Balloon septostomy">Balloon septostomy</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><i>creation of septal defect in heart</i>

<dl><dd><a href="Blalock%E2%80%93Hanlon_procedure" title="Blalock–Hanlon procedure">Blalock–Hanlon procedure</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold">shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel</span></dt>

<dd><a href="Atrium_(heart)" title="Atrium (heart)">atrium</a> to <a href="Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Fontan_procedure" title="Fontan procedure">Fontan procedure</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Left_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Left ventricle">left ventricle</a> to <a href="Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Rastelli_procedure" title="Rastelli procedure">Rastelli procedure</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Right_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Right ventricle">right ventricle</a> to <a href="Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Sano_shunt" title="Sano shunt">Sano shunt</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold">compound procedures</span></dt>

<dd>for <a href="Transposition_of_the_great_vessels" title="Transposition of the great vessels">transposition of the great vessels</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Arterial_switch_operation" title="Arterial switch operation">Arterial switch operation</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mustard_procedure" title="Mustard procedure">Mustard procedure</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Senning_procedure" title="Senning procedure">Senning procedure</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd>for univentricular defect

<dl><dd><a href="Norwood_procedure" title="Norwood procedure">Norwood procedure</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kawashima_procedure" title="Kawashima procedure">Kawashima procedure</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold">shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel</span></dt>

<dd><a href="Systemic_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic circulation">systemic circulation</a> to <a href="Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a> shunt

<dl><dd><a href="Blalock%E2%80%93Taussig_shunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Blalock–Taussig shunt">Blalock–Taussig shunt</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Superior_vena_cava" title="Superior vena cava">SVC</a> to the right <a href="Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">PA</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Glenn_procedure" title="Glenn procedure">Glenn procedure</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cardiac vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Percutaneous_coronary_intervention" title="Percutaneous coronary intervention">Angioplasty</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Vascular_bypass" title="Vascular bypass">Bypass</a>/<a href="Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">Coronary artery bypass</a>

<dl><dd><a href="MIDCAB" class="mw-redirect" title="MIDCAB">MIDCAB</a></dd>

<dd><a href="TECAB" class="mw-redirect" title="TECAB">TECAB</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Coronary_stent" title="Coronary stent">Coronary stent</a></span></dt>

<dd><a href="Bare-metal_stent" title="Bare-metal stent">Bare-metal stent</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Drug-eluting_stent" title="Drug-eluting stent">Drug-eluting stent</a></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold">Obstacle removal</span></dt>

<dd><a href="Endarterectomy" title="Endarterectomy">Endarterectomy</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Atherectomy" title="Atherectomy">Atherectomy</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Bentall_procedure" title="Bentall procedure">Bentall procedure</a></li>

<li><a href="Valve-sparing_aortic_root_replacement" title="Valve-sparing aortic root replacement">Valve-sparing aortic root replacement</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="LeCompte_maneuver" title="LeCompte maneuver">LeCompte maneuver</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Pericardium" title="Pericardium">Pericardium</a></span></dt>

<dd><a href="Pericardiocentesis" title="Pericardiocentesis">Pericardiocentesis</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Pericardial_window" title="Pericardial window">Pericardial window</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Pericardiectomy" title="Pericardiectomy">Pericardiectomy</a></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">Myocardium</a></span></dt>

<dd><a href="Cardiomyoplasty" title="Cardiomyoplasty">Cardiomyoplasty</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Dor_procedure" title="Dor procedure">Dor procedure</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Septal_myectomy" title="Septal myectomy">Septal myectomy</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ventricular_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventricular reduction">Ventricular reduction</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Alcohol_septal_ablation" title="Alcohol septal ablation">Alcohol septal ablation</a></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Cardiac_conduction_system" title="Cardiac conduction system">Conduction system</a></span></dt>

<dd>Maze procedure (<a href="Cox_maze_procedure" title="Cox maze procedure">Cox maze</a> and <a href="Minimaze_procedure" title="Minimaze procedure">minimaze</a>)</dd>

<dd><a href="Catheter_ablation" title="Catheter ablation">Catheter ablation</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cryoablation" title="Cryoablation">Cryoablation</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Radiofrequency_ablation" title="Radiofrequency ablation">Radiofrequency ablation</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial cardiac pacemaker">Pacemaker insertion</a></dd>

<dd><a href="S-ICD" class="mw-redirect" title="S-ICD">S-ICD</a> implantation</dd>

<dd><a href="Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator" title="Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator">ICD</a> implantation</dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_resynchronization_therapy" title="Cardiac resynchronization therapy">Cardiac resynchronization therapy</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Left_atrial_appendage_occlusion" title="Left atrial appendage occlusion">Left atrial appendage occlusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiotomy" title="Cardiotomy">Cardiotomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Heart_transplantation" title="Heart transplantation">Heart transplantation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Electrophysiology" title="Electrophysiology">Electrophysiology</a></span></dt>

<dd><a href="Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Vectorcardiography" title="Vectorcardiography">Vectorcardiography</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Magnetocardiography" title="Magnetocardiography">Magnetocardiography</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Holter_monitor" title="Holter monitor">Holter monitor</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Implantable_loop_recorder" title="Implantable loop recorder">Implantable loop recorder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_stress_test" title="Cardiac stress test">Cardiac stress test</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Bruce_protocol" title="Bruce protocol">Bruce protocol</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Electrophysiology_study" title="Electrophysiology study">Electrophysiology study</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wireless_ambulatory_ECG" title="Wireless ambulatory ECG">Wireless ambulatory ECG</a></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Cardiac_imaging" title="Cardiac imaging">Cardiac imaging</a></span></dt>

<dd><a href="Angiocardiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiocardiography">Angiocardiography</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Echocardiography" title="Echocardiography">Echocardiography</a>

<dd><a href="Myocardial_perfusion_imaging" title="Myocardial perfusion imaging">Myocardial perfusion imaging</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging">Cardiovascular MRI</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_ventriculography" title="Cardiac ventriculography">Ventriculography</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Radionuclide_ventriculography" class="mw-redirect" title="Radionuclide ventriculography">Radionuclide ventriculography</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_catheterization" title="Cardiac catheterization">Cardiac catheterization</a>/<a href="Coronary_catheterization" title="Coronary catheterization">Coronary catheterization</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_CT" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac CT">Cardiac CT</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cardiac_PET" title="Cardiac PET">Cardiac PET</a></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Sound" title="Sound">sound</a></span></dt>

<dd><a href="Phonocardiogram" title="Phonocardiogram">Phonocardiogram</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures" title="Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures">Function tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impedance_cardiography" title="Impedance cardiography">Impedance cardiography</a></li>

<li><a href="Ballistocardiography" title="Ballistocardiography">Ballistocardiography</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiotocography" title="Cardiotocography">Cardiotocography</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cardioversion" title="Cardioversion">Cardioversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcutaneous_pacing" title="Transcutaneous pacing">Transcutaneous pacing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-31" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Valve_replacement&oldid=1293273691">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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